{"id":61189,"date":"2023-08-16T11:03:05","date_gmt":"2023-08-16T10:03:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.kalapa-clinic.com\/?p=61189"},"modified":"2023-08-16T11:03:07","modified_gmt":"2023-08-16T10:03:07","slug":"les-cannabinoides-contre-le-syndrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.kalapa-clinic.com\/fr\/les-cannabinoides-contre-le-syndrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette\/","title":{"rendered":"Les cannabino\u00efdes contre le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Jurements bruyants, exclamations obsc\u00e8nes et tics incontr\u00f4l\u00e9s : <strong>voil\u00e0 ce qui vient \u00e0 l&rsquo;esprit de la plupart des gens lorsqu&rsquo;ils \u00e9voquent le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette<\/strong>. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, ce trouble neuropsychiatrique se manifeste de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente chez les personnes qui en sont atteintes. Les tics moteurs et vocaux sont caract\u00e9ristiques. Le cannabis m\u00e9dical peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour traiter diverses affections neurologiques et psychiatriques. Certaines \u00e9tudes et rapports sugg\u00e8rent que le cannabis m\u00e9dical peut r\u00e9duire les tics qui surviennent dans le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu&rsquo;est-ce que le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette (SGT) est le trouble tic le plus fr\u00e9quent chez l&rsquo;adulte. Dans le monde, environ 0,5 \u00e0 1 % de la population en souffre. Les \u00ab\u00a0tics\u00a0\u00bb peuvent \u00eatre des mouvements courts, rapides et incontr\u00f4l\u00e9s ou des vocalisations spontan\u00e9es. Il s&rsquo;agit g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de petits mouvements d&rsquo;expressions faciales, mais ils peuvent aussi \u00eatre des mouvements de balayage ou des sons.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Malheureusement, on ne sait pas encore exactement ce qui cause le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette. Les chercheurs pensent actuellement qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;agit d&rsquo;un trouble du mouvement dans lequel la suppression des impulsions de mouvement excessives dans le cerveau ne fonctionne pas correctement. Les facteurs h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaires jouent manifestement un r\u00f4le, car il existe de nombreuses familles dont plusieurs membres sont atteints de tics (1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sympt\u00f4mes du syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tics moteurs tels que clignement des yeux, roulement des yeux, clignement nasal ou grimace.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tics vocaux tels que raclements de gorge, toux ou m\u00eame cris, rarement r\u00e9p\u00e9tition de mots ou profanation.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comorbidit\u00e9s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les chercheurs ont montr\u00e9 qu&rsquo;environ 80 \u00e0 90 % des patients atteints du syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette pr\u00e9sentent des comorbidit\u00e9s. Cela signifie que ces personnes souffrent d&rsquo;autres sympt\u00f4mes (psychologiques) en plus des tics (2). &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Comorbidit\u00e9s dans le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette (2) :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8211; Chez les enfants et les adolescents :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Trouble d\u00e9ficitaire de l&rsquo;attention avec hyperactivit\u00e9 (TDAH) (chez environ 50 %).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trouble obsessionnel compulsif (chez environ 30 %).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trouble du comportement social<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Troubles de l&rsquo;apprentissage<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Troubles anxieux<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00e9pression<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>troubles du sommeil<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>comportement auto agressif<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&#8211; Chez les adultes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>sympt\u00f4mes obsessionnels-compulsifs<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d\u00e9pression<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TDAH<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>trouble du contr\u00f4le des impulsions<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Traitement du syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Les <strong>experts recommandent la th\u00e9rapie comportementale et les m\u00e9dicaments, principalement les antipsychotiques, comme traitement initial des tics<\/strong>. Malgr\u00e9 ces approches th\u00e9rapeutiques \u00e9prouv\u00e9es, de nombreux patients sont insatisfaits parce que leurs tics ne sont pas suffisamment r\u00e9duits ou qu&rsquo;ils pr\u00e9sentent des effets secondaires intol\u00e9rables. Des \u00e9tudes sugg\u00e8rent que les m\u00e9dicaments \u00e0 base de cannabis peuvent constituer une alternative th\u00e9rapeutique pour ces patients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le cannabis m\u00e9dical et le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Le professeur <strong>Kirsten R. M\u00fcller-Vahl,<\/strong> d&rsquo;une \u00e9cole de m\u00e9decine allemande, m\u00e8ne depuis des ann\u00e9es des recherches sur le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette et le cannabis th\u00e9rapeutique. Dans un article de synth\u00e8se, elle a examin\u00e9 et \u00e9valu\u00e9 plusieurs \u00e9tudes de cas et deux essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s sur le sujet. Les \u00e9tudes de cas ont montr\u00e9 que le cannabis peut \u00eatre efficace non seulement pour supprimer les tics, mais aussi pour traiter les probl\u00e8mes de comportement associ\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Les deux \u00e9tudes contr\u00f4l\u00e9es ont explor\u00e9 les effets du THC dans le traitement du SGT<\/strong>. Les deux \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 une r\u00e9duction significative des tics apr\u00e8s un traitement au THC par rapport \u00e0 un placebo. Dans l&rsquo;ensemble, les donn\u00e9es sugg\u00e8rent que le traitement au THC devrait \u00eatre envisag\u00e9 chez les patients adultes r\u00e9sistants au traitement*, a d\u00e9clar\u00e9 l&rsquo;auteur. (3)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dans une revue plus r\u00e9cente, <strong>les chercheurs ont \u00e9valu\u00e9 toutes les \u00e9tudes sur les m\u00e9dicaments \u00e0 base de cannabis et le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette<\/strong> publi\u00e9es jusqu&rsquo;au 1er juillet 2021 et r\u00e9pertori\u00e9es dans la base de donn\u00e9es PubMed. L\u00e0 encore, les chercheurs ont constat\u00e9 que la majorit\u00e9 des \u00e9tudes se limitaient encore \u00e0 des rapports de cas, \u00e0 des s\u00e9ries de cas et \u00e0 des \u00e9tudes ouvertes et non contr\u00f4l\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00c0 ce jour, <strong>seuls deux petits essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s sur le t\u00e9trahydrocannabinol<\/strong> (THC, dronabinol) ont \u00e9t\u00e9 publi\u00e9s, d\u00e9montrant l&rsquo;innocuit\u00e9 et l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 du cannabis dans le traitement des tics. D&rsquo;autre part, il y a de plus en plus de preuves que les m\u00e9dicaments \u00e0 base de cannabis sont efficaces pour traiter les tics et les comorbidit\u00e9s psychiatriques chez les personnes atteintes du syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette. (4)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Selon une \u00e9tude r\u00e9cente, le THC a des effets positifs sur les tics associ\u00e9s au syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette.<\/strong> Par cons\u00e9quent, la th\u00e9rapie au THC devrait \u00eatre envisag\u00e9e chez les adultes atteints et r\u00e9sistants au traitement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cependant, des essais contr\u00f4l\u00e9s randomis\u00e9s \u00e0 plus grande \u00e9chelle sont n\u00e9cessaires pour mieux explorer les associations et une <strong>modalit\u00e9 de traitement efficace<\/strong>. Les r\u00e9sultats des \u00e9tudes de plus grande envergure en cours, telles que CANNA-TICS, une vaste \u00e9tude multicentrique portant sur l&rsquo;efficacit\u00e9 du m\u00e9dicament \u00e0 base de cannabis Sativex\u00ae (nabiximols) dans le traitement des personnes souffrant de troubles du tic ou du syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette, permettront de clarifier davantage le r\u00f4le du cannabis dans le traitement des patients* souffrant du SGT.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sources :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(1) Barmer Krankenkasse<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(2) Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (\u00c9cole sup\u00e9rieure de m\u00e9decine de Hanovre)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(3) M\u00fcller-Vahl KR. Treatment of Tourette syndrome with cannabinoids. Behav Neurol. 2013;27(1):119-24. doi : 10.3233\/BEN-120276. PMID : 23187140 ; PMCID : PMC5215298.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(4) Szejko N, Saramak K, Lombroso A, M\u00fcller-Vahl K. Cannabis-based medicine in treatment of patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Neurol Neurochir Pol. 2022;56(1):28-38. doi : 10.5603\/PJNNS.a2021.0081. Epub 2021 Oct 28. PMID : 34708399.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Jurements bruyants, exclamations obsc\u00e8nes et tics incontr\u00f4l\u00e9s : voil\u00e0 ce qui vient \u00e0 l&rsquo;esprit de la plupart des gens lorsqu&rsquo;ils \u00e9voquent le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, ce trouble neuropsychiatrique se manifeste de mani\u00e8re tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rente chez les personnes qui en sont atteintes. Les tics moteurs et vocaux sont caract\u00e9ristiques. Le cannabis [&#8230;]<\/p>\n<p><a class=\"understrap-read-more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/www.kalapa-clinic.com\/fr\/les-cannabinoides-contre-le-syndrome-de-gilles-de-la-tourette\/\">En savoir plus \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"featured_media":61051,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[5056],"tags":[4648,4737,4696,4691,5249],"class_list":["post-61189","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-cannabis-medicinal","tag-cannabis-medical","tag-etudes","tag-plante-de-cannabis","tag-systeme-endocannabinoide","tag-tourette"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Cannabino\u00efdes vs le syndrome de Gilles de la Tourette | Kalapa Clinic<\/title>\n<meta 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